Diabetes and your eyes: why a yearly check matters

Diabetes is very common in Pakistan, and one of its most serious complications is damage to the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy affects the tiny blood vessels at the back of the eye, the retina. In its early stages it causes no symptoms at all, which is why regular screening is so important.

How diabetes affects the eyes

• Diabetic retinopathy: weak or leaking blood vessels in the retina
• Diabetic macular oedema: swelling in the central part of the retina used for reading and recognising faces
• Cataract: clouding of the lens, which tends to develop earlier in people with diabetes
• Glaucoma: raised pressure that can damage the optic nerve

Why screening matters

By the time vision becomes blurred, damage may already be advanced. When retinopathy is found early, treatment can usually prevent serious vision loss. A screening check is quick and painless.

What happens at a screening visit

• Your vision is checked with an eye chart
• Eye drops are put in to widen the pupils; they may sting briefly
• The doctor examines the retina, and photographs are taken so changes can be compared next year
• An OCT scan of the macula may be added if there is any sign of swelling
• The drops blur your vision for a few hours, so bring sunglasses and do not drive yourself home

How often to be checked

Most adults with diabetes should have an eye check at least once a year, or more often if changes are found. Women with diabetes who become pregnant need closer monitoring.

Protecting your eyes

• Keep your blood sugar within the target your doctor sets
• Control blood pressure and cholesterol
• Take your diabetes medicines as prescribed by your doctor
• Stop smoking
• Attend every screening appointment, even if your sight seems fine

When to seek urgent care

See an eye doctor the same day, or go to the emergency department, if you notice:

• Sudden loss or blurring of vision in one or both eyes
• A shower of new floaters or flashes of light
• A curtain or shadow across your vision
• A painful red eye with blurred vision

Book a diabetic eye check if you have not had one in the last year.